34.3. Boundary conditions in hyperbolic problems#

34.3.1. Wall#

34.3.1.1. Domain at rest#

Example 34.3 (Wall for Roe flux in 1-dimensional P-sys)

Roe intermediate state for a P-sys is

\[\begin{split}\begin{bmatrix} \hat{\rho} \\ \hat{m} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \hat{\rho} \\ \hat{\rho} \hat{u} \end{bmatrix} \ ,\end{split}\]

with \(\hat{\rho}\) satisfying consistency (as an example \(\hat{\rho} = \sqrt{\rho_L \rho_R}\) or \(\hat{\rho} = \frac{1}{2} \left( \rho_L + \rho_R \right)\)), and

\[\hat{u} = \frac{\sqrt{\rho_L} u_L + \sqrt{\rho_R} u_R}{\sqrt{\rho_L}+\sqrt{\rho_R}} \ .\]

Wall boundary conditions for a P-sys implies no mass flux through the wall. The state of the ghost cell outside the domain is prescribed as

\[\begin{split}\mathbf{u}_{g} = \begin{bmatrix} \rho_{g} \\ \rho_{g} u_{g} \end{bmatrix} \ ,\end{split}\]

with \(\rho_{g} = \rho_{\partial}\), \(u_{g} = - u_{\partial}\). Roe intermediate state across the wall boundary interface has velocity

\[\hat{u}_{\partial} = \frac{\sqrt{\rho_g} u_g + \sqrt{\rho_{\partial}} u_{\partial}}{\sqrt{\rho_g} + \sqrt{\rho_{\partial}}} = 0 \ .\]

Upwind matrix in Roe flux. Using the spectral decomposition of the matrix

\[\begin{split}\mathbf{A} = \begin{bmatrix} u & \rho \\ \frac{a^2}{\rho} & u \end{bmatrix} \ ,\end{split}\]

i.e.

\[\begin{split} \mathbf{R} = \begin{bmatrix} \rho & \rho \\ a & -a \end{bmatrix} \quad , \quad \boldsymbol\Lambda = \begin{bmatrix} u-a & 0 \\ 0 & u+a \end{bmatrix} \quad , \quad \mathbf{L} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{2\rho} & \frac{1}{2a} \\ \frac{1}{2\rho} & -\frac{1}{2a} \end{bmatrix} \end{split}\]

the upwind matrix evaluated on the Roe intermediate state (no need for entropy fix; with entropy fix, the result doesn’t change anyway, as there’s no eigenvalue close to zero) reads

\[\begin{split}\begin{aligned} |\hat{\mathbf{A}}| = \hat{\mathbf{R}} \left| \hat{\boldsymbol{\Lambda}} \right| \hat{\mathbf{L}} & = \begin{bmatrix} \rho & \rho \\ a & -a \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} a & 0 \\ 0 & a \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{2\rho} & \frac{1}{2a} \\ \frac{1}{2\rho} & -\frac{1}{2a} \end{bmatrix} = \\ & = \begin{bmatrix} \rho a & \rho a \\ a^2 & -a^2 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{2\rho} & \frac{1}{2a} \\ \frac{1}{2\rho} & -\frac{1}{2a} \end{bmatrix} = \\ & = \begin{bmatrix} a & 0 \\ 0 & a \end{bmatrix} \ . \end{aligned}\end{split}\]

Roe flux. Putting everything together, Roe flux at wall reads

\[\begin{split}\begin{aligned} \mathbf{F}_{\partial} & = \frac{1}{2} \left[ \mathbf{F}_{g} + \mathbf{F}_{\partial} - \left| \hat{\mathbf{A}} \right| \left( \mathbf{u}_{g} - \mathbf{u}_{\partial} \right) \right] = \\ & = \frac{1}{2} \left[ \begin{bmatrix} -m_\partial \\ \rho_\partial \left( a^2 + u^2_\partial \right) \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} m_\partial \\ \rho_g \left( a^2 + u^2_\partial \right) \end{bmatrix} - \begin{bmatrix} a & 0 \\ 0 & a \end{bmatrix} \left( \begin{bmatrix} \rho_\partial \\ -m_\partial \end{bmatrix} - \begin{bmatrix} \rho_\partial \\ m_\partial \end{bmatrix} \right) \right] = \\ & = \begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ \rho_\partial ( a + u_\partial )^2 \end{bmatrix} \ , \end{aligned}\end{split}\]

i.e. there’s no mass flux across the wall, as the first component of the vector \(\mathbf{F}_\partial\) is zero.

Example 34.4 (Wall for Roe flux in 1-dimensional Euler equations)

34.3.1.2. Moving domain#

34.3.2. Characteristic-based boundary conditions#