Classical Electromagnetism#
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Classical electromagnetism
Brief history of electromagnetism. todo
Principles of classical electromagnetism. Principles of electromagnetism (charge conservation, Lorentz’s force and Maxwell’s equations) are first introduced for electromagentic phenomena in free-space, in both differential and integral form. Then, equations governing electromagnetism in matter are discussed: free charge and current are distinguished from bound charte and current, resulting from polarization and the magnetization of matter as a response to external fields are described, and introduced into the constitutive equations characterizing the behavior of matter. Integral form of governing equations is provided for both control volumes and arbitrary domains in motion w.r.t. the observer, and this description is used to introduce the low-speed relativity of physical quantities involved in electromagnetism.
Electromagentic potentials and wave equations. Electromagnetic potentials are introduced, along with gauge conditions. Wave equations for physical quantities in electromagnetism are then introduced. Plane waves are discussed along with interface phenomena like rifraction and reflecion.
Force, Moments on charges, Momentum and Energy of the electromagnetic field.
Electric Engineering
Circuit approximation and Energy Balance. Circuit approximation for moderate dimensions EM systems operating in low frequency regime; under these assumptions, circuit approach is justified by the order of magnitude of the boundary terms in integral form of the energy balance equation.
Electric circuits. Electric circuits in regions of space with no time-varying magnetic field are discussed first; in these regions, electric field is irrotational and can be written as the gradient of a (scalar) potential \(v\). Kirchhoff laws are derived from equations of EM. Elementary components (resistors, capacitors, inductors, ideal generators,…) are introduced and connected into elementary circuits. Then, electric circuits in regions with time varying magnetic field, and EM induction are discussed. Operating regimes (steady (DC), transient (switch open/close), harmonic (AC)) are discussed.
Electromagentic systems. Circuit approximation and Kirchhoff laws fro magnetic systems are introduced under the assumption of negligible \(\partial_t \vec{d}\) and linear algebraic constitutive law \(\vec{b} = \mu \vec{h}\) of media.
Electromagneto-mechanics systems.